At Ceiba Renewables, we’re excited to introduce the Tesla Powerwall 3 — a next-generation battery that not only eliminates rare earth metals but offers remarkable flexibility with its programmable inverter. This feature helps us navigate the unknowns of the G99 application process required by the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) when installing Powerwalls, ensuring your home can safely integrate with your home and disconnect from the grid during outages.
The Powerwall 3 charges at 5kW but can output up to 11.04kW to power your home from solar energy or export to the grid (subject to DNO approval). These capabilities optimise energy use, reduce grid dependency, and offer savings.
In this post, we’ll break down key design considerations to help you understand how the Powerwall’s settings work together to maximise your system’s efficiency.
Key Tesla Powerwall 3 Component
Solar PV kWp Rating
The kilowatt-peak (kWp) rating measures your solar panels’ maximum output under optimal conditions. A 6kWp solar system, for example, can produce up to 6kW in peak sunlight, helping meet your household power needs and storing excess energy.
The G99 setting determines how much power the Powerwall can send to your home & the grid. The Powerwall 3 can supply up to 11.04kW, but this will require approval from your DNO. Once the DNO have assessed the application, the output might need to be limited to 3.68kW, 5kW, 6kW, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11.04kW to comply with DNO requirements.
G100 Export Limit Setting
The G100 limit governs how much excess energy can be exported back to the grid. Depending on local grid rules, this limit may be set at 3.68kW but could go as high as 11.04kW with DNO approval. Any solar energy produced beyond this limit is “clipped,” meaning it’s neither used nor exported.
The Powerwall 3 charges at a rate of 5kW, allowing it to efficiently store energy from solar panels or the grid for later use.
Real-World Example: Gerry’s Setup
Let’s take Gerry as an example:
Solar PV Setup: 13.2kWp solar panels (10kW West-facing, 3.2kW South-facing).
Powerwall 3: Storing excess solar energy.
G100 Export Limit: 3.68kW.
Image: Gerry’s Solar System
On a sunny day, his panels might produce up to 13kW. The Powerwall charges at 5kW, leaving 8kW for household use or export. If Gerry’s home only uses 1kW at the time, 7kW is available for export, but due to the 3.68kW export limit, 3.32kW will be clipped.
Clipping: What It Means for Your System
Clipping happens when your system produces more solar power than can be used in the home and exported. In Gerry’s case, 3.32kW was clipped. Although this might sound like a loss, it only occurs during peak production meanwhile in lower light conditions the PV system can produce more power than a lower output system. Homeowners can also offset clipping by using excess energy for high-demand activities like charging an electric vehicle (EV). The Tesla Wall Charger and Zappi EV Chargers are ideal for this!
Future-Proofing Your Tesla Powerwall 3 Setup
To prepare for future energy needs:
Cable Sizing:Use the right cables (e.g., 16mm² for an 11.04kW output) to handle future Powerwall upgrades.
G99 Applications:To unlock the full 11.04kW output, you’ll need DNO approval. This process can take time and isn’t always guaranteed, but it can enhance your system’s flexibility and potential for financial returns, especially with energy trading.
Key Takeaways
When designing your Tesla Powerwall 3 system:
Lower output settings ensure regulatory compliance but may limit energy use and exports.
Higher solar PV ratings generate more energy but could lead to clipping during peak production.
Your system’s settings will depend on your energy needs, local DNO requirements, and future goals.
Choosing the 11.04kW output option may require extra time for DNO approval, and we may need to resubmit applications if approval is denied.
Next Steps
We’ll tailor your Tesla Powerwall 3 system based on your specific needs and DNO limitations. Here’s an example of how your settings might look:
Setting
Example Value
Solar PV Rating (kWp)
13.2kW
Battery Output (G99)
11.04kW
Export Limit (G100)
3.68kW
Battery Charge Rate
5kW
Feel free to reach out with any questions or to learn more about optimising your Tesla Powerwall 3 system!
Harnessing the combined power of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery storage technology can lead to substantial savings on energy costs, while simultaneously contributing to a sustainable and eco-friendly environment. The integration of these two technologies can maximise the utilisation of renewable energy, reducing your reliance on the grid and lowering your carbon footprint.
In this comprehensive guide, Ceiba Renewables will explore the synergistic benefits of combining battery storage solutions with solar PV systems for domestic and commercial applications. We will discuss the financial benefits and savings potential that this integration offers, while also highlighting the advantages of always-available renewable energy. Our objective is to inform and prepare you for the future of renewable energy technology, promoting sustainable living and positive environmental impact.
Ceiba Renewables is passionate about empowering homeowners and businesses with expert guidance, design, consultancy, project management, and installation services for renewable energy systems. With a focus on innovative solar PV and battery storage technologies, we aim to pave the way towards a cleaner, greener, and more efficient energy future in the UK.
By partnering with Ceiba Renewables, you can confidently invest in technologies that maximise the cost savings potential of renewable energy while also making a positive environmental impact.
The Power of Combining Battery Storage and Solar PV Systems
Integrating battery storage with solar PV systems unlocks the potential of renewable energy technology to deliver considerable savings and an always-available clean energy source:
Energy Independence: By storing the excess solar-generated electricity in battery storage systems, you can reduce your reliance on the grid, providing you with a greater degree of energy independence and resilience in the face of power outages or disruptions.
Maximising Solar Energy Utilisation: Battery storage enables you to obtain the full value of your solar-generated electricity by storing and utilising solar energy during times of low sunlight or peak energy demand, reducing the amount of grid electricity consumed and lowering your energy bills.
Reducing Carbon Footprint: The combined use of solar PV systems and battery storage results in lower greenhouse gas emissions and a reduced carbon footprint, making a positive contribution to climate change mitigation and a greener environment.
Financial Benefits and Cost Savings of Battery Storage and Solar PV Systems
The integration of battery storage with solar PV systems provides various financial advantages, which can boost your savings on energy costs:
Lower Energy Bills: Storing solar-generated electricity in battery storage systems allows you to utilise clean energy efficiently, reducing your need to purchase and consume grid electricity. This results in lower energy bills, creating substantial savings over the long-term.
Feed-In Tariffs and Smart Export Guarantee (SEG): If you generate more solar electricity than you can consume or store, you can sell the excess electricity back to the grid. In the UK, this can be done through the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) scheme, which provides financial compensation for the excess solar energy exported.
Investment Payback Period: Although the initial investment in a combined solar PV and battery storage system can seem substantial, the cost savings can offset the investment over time. In many cases, homeowners and businesses can recover their investment in as little as six to ten years.
Choosing the Right Battery Storage System for Your Solar PV Setup
Selecting an appropriate battery storage solution for your solar PV system can seem daunting. However, understanding the key factors to consider will help you make an informed decision:
Battery Type: The two main types of battery storage solutions are lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries. Lithium-ion batteries offer a longer lifespan, better performance and efficiency, and lighter weight, making them the preferred choice for most solar PV system applications.
Battery Capacity: The capacity of your battery storage system should align with your energy consumption patterns, solar PV system size, and the amount of excess solar energy you expect to generate. When selecting your battery system, it’s crucial to assess your specific needs and requirements.
System Compatibility: It is essential to ensure that your chosen battery storage system is compatible with your solar PV system’s components, such as the inverter and the solar panels. Consult with an expert in renewable energy, like Ceiba Renewables, to ensure a seamless and efficient integration.
Best Practices for Extending the Lifespan and Efficiency of Your Battery Storage System
To ensure you get the most value from your battery storage and solar PV system, it’s vital to maintain and optimise its performance:
Proper Installation: A professionally installed and meticulously designed battery storage system is crucial for maximising its lifespan and efficiency. Enlisting a trusted expert like Ceiba Renewables will guarantee an installation that aligns with your specific needs and requirements.
Monitoring Performance: Continuously monitoring the performance of your battery storage system allows you to identify any potential issues or inefficiencies early on and address them promptly.
Temperature Management: Battery storage systems, particularly lithium-ion batteries, have an optimal temperature range for maximum efficiency and lifespan. Ensuring adequate ventilation and temperature control around the battery storage system will help maintain its performance and extend its life.
Conclusion:
Pairing solar PV systems with battery storage technology presents a powerful solution for homeowners and businesses seeking to maximise renewable energy savings, achieve greater energy independence, and contribute to a greener, more sustainable future. By understanding the financial benefits, choosing the appropriate battery storage system, and implementing best practices for installation and maintenance, you can unlock the true potential of renewable energy technology.
Ceiba Renewables is passionate about promoting renewable energy solutions such as solar PV and battery storage that deliver significant savings on energy expenses, empowering homeowners and businesses to transition to a cleaner, more efficient energy future. Partner with Ceiba Renewables for expert guidance, design, consultancy, project management, and installation of your integrated battery storage and solar PV system, and confidently invest in a sustainable and eco-friendly energy solution.
The agricultural industry possesses enormous potential for harnessing the power of solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage systems. By tapping into this clean and renewable energy source, agricultural businesses can significantly reduce their energy overheads and maintain a competitive edge in a rapidly evolving market. Additionally, adopting solar PV and battery storage systems contributes to environmental sustainability, an essential aspect of modern farming practices in the face of climate change and shifting consumer preferences.
In this comprehensive article, we will provide a practical guide to implementing solar PV and battery storage systems in agricultural businesses. Geared towards farm owners and managers, this guide will explore essential aspects of solar PV and battery storage applications in agriculture, including system sizing, design considerations, and regulatory requirements. Furthermore, we will delve into the financial benefits, environmental advantages, and practical use cases specific to the agricultural industry.
With big expenses such as equipment, labour, and fertiliser, the bottom line in agriculture matters. As energy costs continue to rise, implementing solar PV and battery storage systems presents an enticing opportunity for farmers to cut energy expenses while promoting environmental stewardship. From powering essential farm infrastructure like irrigation systems, greenhouses, and milking facilities to providing lighting and electricity for remote locations, solar PV and battery storage systems are versatile and adaptable to various agricultural settings.
Determining System Size and Key Design Considerations
In order to maximise the benefits of solar PV and battery storage systems for your agricultural business, it is important to carefully assess your energy needs and consider several key design factors:
Energy Consumption Evaluation: Analyse your farm’s historical energy consumption, peak demand periods, and projected growth to help determine the optimal size and capacity for your solar PV and battery storage system. A tailored approach ensures that your system is both cost-effective and suited to your specific requirements.
Site Selection and Assessment: Choose appropriate locations for both the solar PV panels and battery storage units by consulting with professionals. Factors to consider include proper orientation, potential shading, and existing farm infrastructure. Additionally, assess the structural integrity of rooftops for solar PV installations and ensure there is adequate ventilation for battery storage units.
Regulatory Compliance: Be aware of any relevant regulations and requirements governing the installation of solar PV and battery storage systems on agricultural properties. This may involve obtaining necessary permits, adhering to zoning restrictions, and meeting health and safety standards.
Financial Benefits and Incentives for Solar PV and Battery Storage in Agriculture
Investing in solar PV and battery storage systems can bring significant financial benefits to your agricultural business, including energy cost savings and various government incentives:
Reduced Energy Overheads: By generating and storing your own solar energy, your farm can cut electricity expenses, leading to long-term operational cost savings. This is particularly beneficial for energy-intensive agricultural operations like dairy farming, poultry production, or horticulture.
Grid Independence and Energy Security: By utilising battery storage systems, your farm can reduce its reliance on the grid and insulate itself from volatile energy prices. Moreover, energy stored in batteries can act as a backup power supply during grid outages, ensuring farm operations run smoothly.
Government Incentives: Agricultural businesses should take advantage of available government schemes and incentives that encourage the adoption of renewable energy solutions like solar PV and battery storage. These incentives can offset installation costs and promote the generation and storage of renewable energy.
Environmental Advantages and Sustainability in Agriculture
Investing in solar PV and battery storage systems can greatly contribute to environmental sustainability and responsible farming practices:
Lower Carbon Footprint: Solar PV systems generate electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to a reduction in your farm’s carbon footprint. By choosing a renewable energy source, your business can actively support efforts to mitigate climate change.
Eco-Friendly Branding: Customers and supply-chain partners are becoming increasingly conscientious about environmental sustainability. By adopting renewable energy solutions, your farm can appeal to environmentally-conscious stakeholders, differentiating itself in the marketplace as a sustainable and responsible business.
Land Preservation: Solar PV systems can be integrated into existing farm structures, such as rooftops or even mounted on agricultural land in a way that preserves soil fertility. This dual-purpose approach allows farms to utilise their land efficiently while minimising environmental impact.
Practical Use Cases for Solar PV and Battery Storage in Agriculture
Solar PV and battery storage systems can be effectively implemented in a variety of agricultural settings and operations:
Irrigation and Pumping Systems: Solar PV systems can power electric pumps for irrigation systems, ensuring consistent water supply and reducing reliance on diesel-powered generators. Battery storage systems can store excess solar energy for later use, enabling operation during evening hours or periods of cloud cover.
Greenhouses: Solar PV and battery storage can supply electricity for heating, ventilation, and artificial lighting systems within greenhouses. This allows for improved energy efficiency, reduced operational costs, and a more sustainable agricultural environment.
Livestock Facilities: From milking equipment to temperature control and lighting, solar PV and battery storage systems can help power energy-intensive livestock facilities. By powering these operations with clean energy, farms can enhance both animal welfare and environmental sustainability.
Remote Locations: Farms often have remote locations that require electricity for security systems, lighting, or monitoring equipment. Solar PV and battery storage systems can provide an independent and reliable source of energy for these off-grid locations, eliminating the need for costly grid connections or fuel-powered generators.
Conclusion
Solar PV and battery storage systems offer agricultural businesses an excellent opportunity to reduce energy costs, enhance environmental sustainability, and improve overall operational efficiency. By carefully assessing energy needs, selecting the right system size, and considering key design factors, your agricultural business can reap the benefits of these renewable energy solutions. Ceiba Renewables is committed to supporting your farm’s transition to a more sustainable and efficient future. Contact us to tap into our expertise and experience in designing and implementing solar PV and battery storage systems tailored to your specific agricultural needs.
Energy storage is a hot topic these days, especially in Scotland where the push for renewable energy is stronger than ever. But let’s face it, the world of energy storage can be a bit intimidating. There’s a lot to consider: What kind of storage system do you need? What’s the best choice for your home or business?
We’ll dive into the nitty-gritty of energy storage solutions in Scotland, with a particular focus on battery storage systems. From the basics of how these systems work to the factors you need to consider when choosing one, we’ve got you covered.
Whether you’re a homeowner looking to reduce your carbon footprint or a business owner aiming to make your operations more sustainable, this guide will provide the insights you need to make an informed decision.
How to Choose the Best Battery Storage System
1. Understanding the Role of Battery Storage in Enhancing Your Renewable Energy System
Battery storage systems have revolutionised the way we consume and manage renewable energy, providing numerous benefits to home and business owners. Before diving into the different types of battery storage systems, it’s essential to understand their role in renewable energy systems:
Excess Energy Storage: A battery storage system allows you to store excess solar energy generated during the day, which can then be used during the evening or when solar generation is low, ensuring continued access to clean energy.
Grid Independence: With battery storage, you can reduce your reliance on the grid and potentially achieve energy independence, thus lowering your energy costs and providing a more stable and self-sufficient energy source.
Uninterrupted Power Supply: Battery storage can act as a backup power source during grid outages, ensuring that your home or business has a consistent and reliable source of power, even during unforeseen circumstances.
Load Shifting: Battery storage enables you to manage and shift your energy consumption patterns by storing solar energy during off-peak times and utilising it during high demand hours, maximising energy savings and efficiency.
2. Comparing Battery Storage Technologies: Which Type Fits Your Needs?
There are several types of battery storage systems available, and choosing the right one for your needs can be a complex task. Some of the most popular battery storage technologies include:
Lithium-ion Batteries: Currently the most common and widely used battery storage technology, lithium-ion batteries boast a high energy density, long cycle life, and substantial efficiency. They are well-suited to residential and commercial installations due to their compact size, lightweight structure, and low maintenance requirements.
Lead Acid Batteries: A tried-and-tested technology, lead-acid batteries provide cost-effective energy storage solutions. However, they have a lower energy density, shorter cycle life, and require regular maintenance compared to lithium-ion batteries.
Flow Batteries: Flow batteries employ a unique, liquid-based energy storage method, providing a scalable and long-lasting energy storage option. Although typically associated with larger installations, flow batteries are increasingly being explored for residential applications.
When choosing a battery storage technology, consider factors such as space, maintenance requirements, efficiency, and budget to ensure an ideal fit for your home or business in Scotland.
3. Evaluating Key Performance Metrics of Battery Storage Systems
To choose the right battery storage solution, it’s essential to understand and compare key performance metrics, including:
Capacity: The capacity, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), signifies the amount of energy that can be stored in the battery. Ensure that your chosen battery storage system has sufficient capacity to cater to your energy needs during times when solar generation is low.
Depth of Discharge (DoD): DoD refers to the percentage of the battery’s total capacity that can be discharged before it requires recharging. Higher DoD values allow you to utilise more of the stored energy, increasing your battery’s effectiveness and extending its lifespan.
Round-trip Efficiency: Assess the battery’s round-trip efficiency, which indicates the percentage of energy retained during the charge and discharge process. Higher efficiency values result in more stored energy available for use.
4. Financial Considerations when Choosing a Battery Storage System
Investing in a battery storage system can significantly benefit your energy efficiency and overall energy costs; however, it’s crucial to consider the financial aspects, such as:
Initial Cost: Evaluate your budget and choose a battery storage system that aligns with your financial capabilities. Be mindful of additional costs, such as installation, permits, and warranties.
Cost Per Kilowatt-hour: Calculate the cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of the battery storage system by dividing its initial cost by its capacity and expected lifespan. This value enables you to compare different battery storage options based on their long-term financial implications.
Return on Investment (ROI): Assess the potential ROI of your battery storage system by considering factors such as energy savings, reduced grid reliance, and possible energy export to the national grid, ensuring that your investment delivers value.
Understanding the Importance of Energy Storage Solutions in Scotland
The future of Scotland’s energy landscape looks promising with the advent of these diverse battery storage systems and the increasing adoption of renewable energy sources. We’re here to help you navigate the complexities of battery storage systems in Scotland, ensuring seamless integration into your renewable energy setup. Get in touch with Ceiba Renewables today to learn more about our battery storage solutions and how we can tailor them to meet your specific needs!
Today I would like to talk about solar PV panel quality – and why it matters even more than you think.
If you’ve been looking into reducing your energy bills then solar PV is an awesome option, but there are a lot of different manufacturers out there and there’s a lot of claims around efficiency and who has the best panel.With this article I’d like to help explain a bit more about solar PV panels, what can go wrong with them, what questions you should ask and who in my opinion is the best investment and why.
You are potentially about to make a significant investment in a solar PV system for your home or business, and some people make the mistake, like I did when I first got into solar PV more than 13 years ago, that “A solar panel is a solar panel, what differences could there be between one manufacturer and another? We’ll just take what the supplier is offering and the cheaper the better.”
How wrong that opinion would turn out to be for me as I’ll explain further throughout this article.
It was when my wife and I were walking across a field carrying a Sharp solar panel to be installed and we realised how flimsy it was (the frame was bending in our hands), it kick-started a conversation that went along the lines of:
“Crikey, this solar panel’s a bit flimsy? “
“Do you think it’ll survive it’s warranty? “
“I hope so, otherwise we’ll have a pretty annoyed customer and it’s fairly pointless installing something that’s going to landfill in the time period. “
“Well, we’re building a business for the long-term, why don’t we find the best manufacturers with the best warranties and install them to an excellent standard so we’re really minimising the risk for our customers and the environment. “
And so began our journey into delivering outstanding solar installations using the world’s best kit.
Having offered maintenance & servicing callouts for years we’ve seen the great, the good, the bad and the ugly of solar PV. And the purpose of this post is to shine a light on Quality so that we can demand better of all manufacturers. Not only in our industry but also beyond so that it becomes standard practice for the environmental and social costs to be placed above the profiteering, exploitative and destructive business models that some manufacturers use.
So you’re thinking of investing in a solar PV system to reduce your energy bills, what you choose to put on your roof is the most important choice you will make as this is the most expensive area of the system to find and fix faults. Therefore minimising your risk for faults on the roof is what this is all about.
To give you a brief overview of where a solar panel can differ in quality at a very basic level, there are numerous key components to most solar PV panels:
Key Component Parts of a Solar Panel
Glass
Frame
Laminate Backsheet
Junction Box (with blocking diodes)
Silicone Cells
Intercell connections
Depending on the quality of manufacturing and materials will instantly affect what can go wrong with a solar PV panel.
What can go wrong?
Potential Induced Degradation
Light Induced Degradation
“Snail-Trail” AKA Micro-cracks
Laminate backsheet failure (allowing moisture in)
Junction Box failure (allowing moisture in)
Blocking diode failure
Hot-spots
Intercell Connection Failure
Image: Recent outdoor hotspot testing of Maxeon 6 AC vs. new competitor offerings
Without diving into the technical ins and outs of how and why each of these issues occur, the above issues will manifest as complete solar panel failure and therefore PV system shutdown or, possibly worse, significant degradation of performance that you may not pick up on for several years.
So the next step in this research into solar PV panels as an investment is to ask:
What happens if something goes wrong with a solar panel?
As I mentioned, when something goes wrong, your PV system will either stop generating or produce less power than it should. And unless a solar panel has caught fire (which is very rare, we’ve not seen a panel fire in 15 years so long may that continue!) or melted or cracked significantly, it won’t be obvious what the issue may be.
You should then call your installer (or us!) to investigate.
Your installer should try to diagnose the issue remotely first and then the next step is to visit site and carry out some tests. Normally there’s a callout fee (unless like with our own customers our callout fee is waived if your system is under our workmanship warranty and the manufacturer’s warranty).
Then, if the fault is on the roof (i.e. the solar PV panels) we then need to organise a roof inspection. This means access costs and labour costs.
Once we’re on the roof it can be a lottery as to how long it takes us to find the fault depending on what the fault may be.
If the solar PV panel laminate backsheet is bubbled and full of water, or if the Junction Boxes fall apart as we lift a solar panel, we can find this fault reasonably quickly and if the same issue is with 2 or 3 or more panels on the same array then we are safe to say that the solar panels are on their way out and need replaced.
However, less obvious may be PID where the voltage has essentially been sucked out of the solar panels gradually meaning the power output is at 80% or less of what it should be.
Even less obvious may be that the gradual degradation of the laminate backsheet and frame are allowing condensation in which causes the system to go into standby until the moisture evaporates.
Once we’ve identified the faulty solar panel(s) the next step is raising a warranty case with the manufacturer. And this can be a painful process.
The worst companies we’ve ever supported a customer through a warranty case were Canadian Solar and LG.
In the case of Canadian Solar we found 3 panels with identical intercell connection faults causing the laminate backsheet to melt and showing up as no system operation. This was a 3-year-old system and after 6 months of back and forth Canadian Solar agreed to ship 3 replacement panels to the customer but the customer would have to pay the 300 Euro shipping fee. And none of the solar PV engineers time (ours) nor the scaffolding costs were covered. The customer was concerned that more panels might fail and it took a further 6 months for Canadian Solar to agree to compensate the customer to replace all 28 of their panels.
Another case with LG was one where the string of LG panels after a few years was causing Low Insulation Resistance. LG wouldn’t accept our test results after the first callout and wanted us to attend site and test every single panel which we duly did proving that the insulation resistance on most of the panels was below what would allos the system to work. LG wouldn’t accept the results again and then proceeded to gradually ignore the customer until the customer decided to cut their losses and change their solar panels at their own expense.
And I know I’ve singled out Canadian Solar and LG here but over the years we have seen every single manufacturer on the market have a failure with their panels. Even the best manufacturers have failures.
As you’ve seen from these cases, having a fault on the roof is expensive. You have multiple visits to site, roof inspections, scaffold costs, admin time with reports and evidence to manufacturers. System down time. Stress. Money, unanticipated expenses. More stress.
So What Can I Do to Mitigate the Risk of Panel Failure:
Research who is the best? That’s not as easy as you think as most manufacturer’s claim to be the best!
Who stands by their product? Which warranty will cover labour and scaffold costs if their panel fails?
Which manufacturers are ethical and responsible?
Of these 3 points, I know of only one solar panel manufacturer who offers a comprehensive warranty that covers labour and access costs and that SunPower – you can find out more about them here:
We have tested their warranty, yes one of their panels failed recently, and they were good to their word and reimbursed all of costs with no cost to the customer. Happy days.
They also have Cradle2Cradle certification and are a market leader in their manufacturing processes and supply chain to minimise their environmental impact and ensure there’s not a high environmental or social cost to their product.
